DRYING OF GRANULAR PARTICLES IN A MULTISTAGE INCLINED FLUIDIZED BED WITH MECHANICAL VIBRATION

A mathematical model for the drying rate of granular particles in a multistage inclined fluidized bed(IFB) is presented from the standpoint of simultaneous heat and mass transfer, with taking the effect of mechanical vibration added vertically into consideration.

Steady-state distributions for the temperatures and concentrations of the particles and the heating gas, and for the moisture content of the particles are numerically calculated based on the present model. The calculated results show fairly good agreement with the experimental data, which were obtained from the drying experiments of brick particles in a three-stage IFB using comparatively low temperature air(40-60°C) as the heating gas.

It has been found within the range of the experimental conditions employed that, the mechanical vibration added vertically enhances the over-all drying rate of the particles and its effect can be considered equivalent to an increase in the air velocity.     

高速铣削的非线性建模

当铣削速度提高到常规速度的5～10倍后,铣削过程将变得十分复杂.为此从动力学出发,利用切削理论和数值方法,建立了一个高速铣削的非线性动力学模型.其铣削力模型包括了铣刀的几何特征、铣削力和动态铣削力计算,以及系统动力学方程.并利用吉尔数值法编写了求解程序,程序具有自动变阶和调整步长的特点.利用该模型,可对铣削过程的特征参数如稳定性、切削力等进行预测.     

The influence of the ion content of whey on the pH-activity profile of the β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae

The pH-dependence of the reaction kinetics of lactase (β-galactosidase) from Aspergillus oryzae in different reaction media is presented in terms of a two-parameter model. The lactase from A. oryzae seems to have replaced the A. niger lactase on the market owing to a better activity/price ratio and may be utilised for lactose hydrolysis in acid as well as in neutral milk products. Its pH optimum is around pH 4.5. However, in the neutral pH-range its activity depended strongly on the salt content of the substrate solution. For example, its activity in whey (pH 6.5) fell to only 30% of its expected activity in a pure lactose solution at the same pH. The whey effect was the same for both soluble and immobilised lactase. The two parameter kinetic model, which included a term for competitive product inhibition gave excellent agreement with experimental data, and may thus be useful for the prediction of reactor performance with this enzyme.     

Thermally stimulated shrinkage forces in oriented polymers: 1. Temperature dependence

Temperature dependences of shrinkage forces appearing in oriented polymer samples when heated at constant length were recorded for polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene and polypropylene. The influence of various processing conditions on thermally stimulated shrinkage forces is demonstrated. A four-state model is proposed which qualitatively describes the temperature dependences of shrinkage forces in amorphous polymers.     

提高储层预测精度技术思路与对策

采用地质、地震、测井人员协同一体化作业，对地下地质目标进行综合预测与评价，可提高储层预测精度，降低预测结果的多解性。主要方法是针对不同的区块，采用不同的方法和对策，首先从单井储层划分对比入手，建立储层沉积模式，同时对地震数据目的层段进行精细解释，建立地层构造模式，用沉积、构造等地质规律来指导和约束反演；利用测井资料对地震资料进行精细标定，建立各井的单井波阻抗模型，建立井数据和地震数据沟通的桥梁；在严格的测井约束、地质模型约束、层位控制下进行储层反演；充分利用地质、地震反演结果、地震参数提取及分析结果、测井、测试和分析化验等资料对储层预测结果进行综合分析与评价。该方法应用于长庆、大庆、准噶尔等实际区块，取得了较好的效果。     

A new Thermo-viscoplastic Material Model for Finite-Element-Analysis of the Chip Formation Process

A new material model for describing the thermo-viscoplastic flow behavior of workpiece material in metal cutting is presented. In order to express the complex flow behavior which depends on the local strain, strain rate and temperature, a new methodology for sequential formulation is proposed. The material parameters which are achieved by using the flow stress data available at low strain rates are enhanced by matching the results of the experimental investigations and finite element simulations of the orthogonal cutting process. As a result, a material model which has a wide validity range of strain, strain rate and temperature is established.     

灰色模型在大坝变形监测与预报中的应用

建立有效实用的大坝变形监测模型,对于大坝运行意义重大。目前国内外常用统计模型和确定性模型来预报大坝变形,但精度普遍不高。作者提出一种基于不确定性模型的非等间隔灰色模型对大坝变形进行监测预报。预报过程建立在数学基础上,而且预报结果的精度能够满足工程需要。     

Formal Analysis of Streaming Downloading Protocol for System Upgrading

For a PC-mobile download system which is embedded with streaming download protocol, there are problems that the data cannot be transmitted correctly from the PC to the mobile, or the transmission is unacceptably slow. To solve these problems, we carry out a formal analysis for the protocol with some timing parameters and a given probability of message loss and unordered data using a probabilistic model checking tool PRISM. We introduce a technique to reduce the state space of the system modeling the protocol which is a network of probabilistic timed automata. The experimental results in PRISM give us a clear explanation to the problems, and are helpful in identifying the optimal parameter settings to meet industrial requirements.     

叶片式泵内气液两相泡状流的三维数值计算

为研究旋转叶片式泵中的气液两相流动规律及泵性能，本文根据气泡泡状流模型提出了一个两相流三维数值分析方法。该数值计算由两部分的计算迭代完成，第一部分是已知含气率分布的连续相(液相)流场的计算。液相流动方程的三维数值求解采用了流面坐标迭代法。第二部分是已知液相流场后的分散相(气泡)轨迹的计算。气泡运动方程中考虑了流场压力梯度差产生的力、气泡周围液体产生的阻力及由于液相质量产生的惯性力等影响气泡运动的因素。通过对气泡运动方程进行数值求解，可得到泵内的含气率分布。再将两部分的计算进行反复迭代，最终得到收敛解。本文将该三维两相流数值计算方法用于多级螺旋轴流式增压泵叶轮的计算、设计。计算结果表明：从叶轮回转面上看，气泡运动转轨并不明显地偏离液相流线。然而从叶轮子午面上看，几乎所有的气泡，不论其初始位置如何，它们最终都移向轮毂表面。该三维两相流数值计算以其简单实用的特点，有望成为工程中气液两相增压泵的一种有效设计工具。     

盆池涡涡动过程数值研究

盆池涡是在盆池排水时在盆池中央的排水管道入口处形成的漏斗状旋涡。文中采用标准κ-ε湍流模型和VOF方法对盆池涡的涡动全过程进行了仿真模拟，然后对计算结果进行分析和归纳，提出了盆池涡涡动机理假说。盆池涡是由外来扰动或流道截面几何形状的不规则或表面粗糙度不均匀引起速度场一定的切向流动而诱发出来的旋涡，其旋转方向是随机的，但与形成的切向流动方向一致。盆池涡是一种类兰金涡，速度和压力的分布具有兰金组合涡的特点；盆池涡在成熟阶段具有三个特性区域，分别称为抽气孔、吸气孔、抬气区域。